Ritmos biológicos no sistema endócrino / Biological rhythms in the endocrine system

Authors

  • Wagner de Jesus Pinto
  • Victor Cavalcante Muricy
  • Rafael Ramon Rodrigues Treto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n7-857

Keywords:

Sistema endócrino, ritmos biológicos, hormônios.

Abstract

Os organismos do planeta Terra estão sujeitos a diversos ritmos que se repetem com regularidade tais como claro-escuro, estações do ano, ciclos lunares dentre outros, assim progressivamente passaram a desenvolver a capacidade de expressarem seus comportamentos e controlarem sua fisiologia de uma forma recorrente e periódica, ou seja, expressando ritmos biológicos. Os níveis de vários hormônios variam ao longo do dia e da noite. Tais flutuações não são apenas atribuíveis a alterações no sono/vigília e outros comportamentos, mas também a um momento biológico governado pelo núcleo supraquiasmático do hipotálamo. O sono tem um forte efeito sobre níveis de alguns hormônios, como o hormônio do crescimento, mas pouco efeito sobre outros que são mais fortemente regulados pelo sistema de tempo biológico (por exemplo, melatonina). O exato mecanismos pelos quais o sono afeta os níveis hormonais circulantes são pouco compreendidos, contudo, sabe-se que o sistema de tempo biológico influencia a secreção de hormônios. O núcleo supraquiasmático exerce sua influência sobre os hormônios através de sinais neuronais e humorais mas, células periféricas podem secretar ritmicamente hormônios, independentemente de sinais do núcleo supraquiasmático. Em circunstâncias normais, os comportamentos e os sincronismo biológico são sincronizados e consequentemente os sistemas hormonais são primorosamente regulados. No entanto, muitos indivíduos (por exemplo, trabalhadores em turnos) sofrem frequentemente desalinhamento circadiano dessincronizando seu ciclo de sono/vigília do sistema de temporização biológico. Experimentos indicam que o desalinhamento circadiano tem um efeito adverso no metabolismo e fatores hormonais como glicose e insulina. A compreensão dos ritmos hormonais pode favorecer de forma significativa a prevenção e o tratamento de condições patológicas de natureza endócrina com reflexo em todo o organismo uma vez que o sistema endócrino é o regulador preciso das funções metabólicas. 

References

A. Lee, M. Ader, G.A. Bray, R.N. Bergman, Diurnal variation in glucose tolerance: cyclic suppression of insulin action and insulin secretion in normal-weight but not obese subjects, Diabetes 41 (6) (1992) 742–749.

Araújo JF, Marques N. Cronobiologia: uma multidisciplinaridade necessária. MARGEM, SÃO PAULO, NO 15, P. 95-112, JUN. 2002.

Axelsson J, Ingre M, Akerstedt T, Holmback U. Effects of acutely displaced sleep on testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 4530–5.

B.D. Marsh, D.J. Marsh, R.N. Bergman, Oscillations enhance the efficiency and stability of glucose disposal, Am. J. Physiol. 250 (1986) E576–E582.

Bailey M, Silver R. Sex Differences in Circadian Timing Systems: Implications for Disease. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2014 January ; 35(1): 111–139.

Barros DM, Melo MA, Santos CYB, Pereira AS, Sousa AF, Alves ATS, Costa JO, Freitas TS, Santos MEM, Carvalho SS, Jacobine TA, Silva JHL, Aguiar GB, Padilha ACBS, Rocha TA, Ferreira SAO, Moura DF. Disruptores Endócrinos e sua influência na saúde humana. Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 5, n. 11, p. 24211-24225 nov. 2019.

Bergendahl M, Evans WS, Veldhuis JD. Current concepts on ultradian rhythms of

luteinizing hormone secretion in the human. Human Reproduction Update 1996, Vol. 2, No. 6 pp. 507–518.

Bollinger T, Schibler U. Circadian rhythms – from genes to physiology and disease. Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144:w13984.

Christopher J. Morris, Daniel Aeschbach, Frank A.J.L. Scheer. Circadian System, Sleep and Endocrinology. Mol Cell Endocrinol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 Feb 5. Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 Feb 5; 349(1): 91–104. Published online 2011 Sep 10. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.003

Curi R, Filho JPA. Fisiologia Básica. Ed. Guanabara Koogan, Grupo Gen. 2009.

Dijk DJ, Czeisler CA. Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the

sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans. J Neurosci. 1995;15(5 Pt 1):3526–38.

E. Haus, G.Y. Nicolau, D.J. Lakatua, L. Sackett-Lundeen, Reference values for chronopharmacology, Annu. Rev. hronopharmacol. 4 (1988) 333–424

E. Haus, Y. Touitou, Principles of Clinical Chronobiology, in: Y. Touitou, E. Haus (Eds.), Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994, pp. 6–34.

Eastell R, Calvo MS, Burritt MF, et al. 1992 Abnormalities in circadian patterns of bone resorption and renal calcium conservation in type I osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 74:487–494.

F. Halberg, B. Tarquini, D. Lakatua, E. Halberg, U. Seal, E. Haus, M. Cagnoni, Circadian and circannual plasma TSH rhythms, human mammary and prostatic cancer and steps toward chrono-oncoprevention, Lab. J. Res. Med. 8 (3) (1981) 251–257.

G. Brabant, P. Bergmann, C.M. Kirsch, J. Kohrle, R.D. Hesch, A. von zur Muhlen, Early adaptation of thyrotropin and thyroglobulin secretion to experimentally decreased iodine supply in man, Metabolism 41 (10) (1992) 1093–1096.

G. Paolisso, A.J. Scheen, D. Giugliano, S. Sgambato, A. Albert, M. Varricchio, F. D'Onofrio, P.J. Lefebvre, Pulsatile insulin delivery has greater metabolic effects than continuous hormone administration in man: importance of pulse frequency, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 72 (3) (1991) 607–615.

G. Paolisso, A.J. Scheen, D. Giugliano, S. Sgambato, A. Albert, M. Varricchio, F. D'Onofrio, P.J. Lefebvre, Pulsatile insulin delivery has greater metabolic effects than continuous hormone administration in man: importance of pulse frequency, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 72 (3) (1991) 607–615.

G.Y. Nicolau, D.J. Lakatua, L. Sackett-Lundeen, E. Haus, Circadian and circannual rhythms of hormonal variables in clinically healthy elderlymen and women, Chronobiol. Int. 1 (4) (1984) 301–319.

G.Y. Nicolau, E. Haus, Chronobiology of the hypothalamic-pituitarythyroid axis, in: Y. Touitou, E. Haus (Eds.), Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994, pp. 330–347.

G.Y. Nicolau, E. Haus, Chronobiology of the hypothalamic-pituitarythyroid axis, in: Y. Touitou, E. Haus (Eds.), Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994, pp. 330–347.

G.Y. Nicolau, L. Dumitriu, L. Plinga, E. Petrescu, L. Sackett-Lundeen, D.J. Lakatua, E. Haus, Circadian and circannual variations of thyroid function in children11±1.5years of agewith andwithoutendemicgoiter, in:J.E.Pauly, L.E. Scheving (Eds.), Advances in Chronobiology: Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, vol. 227B, Liss, New York, 1987, pp. 229–247.

Gardner DG, Shoback D. Endocrinologia Básica e clínica de Greenspan. 9 edição, Artmed, 2013.

Ghada el-hajj fuleihan, elizabeth b. Klerman, emery n. Brown,yong choe, edward m. Brown, and charles a. Czeisler. The Parathyroid Hormone Circadian Rhythm Is Truly Endogenous—A General Clinical Research Center Study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 82(1): 281-286.

H. Brochmann, T. Bjoro, P.I. Gaarder, F. Hanson, H.M. Frey, Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in elderly subjects: a randomized study in a Norwegian rural community (Naeroy), Acta Endocrinol. 117 (1) (1988) 7–12.

H. Leitolf, J. Behrends, G. Brabant, The thyroid axis in ageing, in: D.J. Chadwick, J. Goode (Eds.), Novartis Symposium 242: Endocrine Facets of Ageing, Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York, 2002, pp. 193–204.

H.L. Reed, K.D. Burman, K.M. Shakir, J.T. O'Brian, Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis after prolonged residence in Antarctica, Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 25 (1) (1986) 55–65.

Haus E. Chronobiology in the endocrine system. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59 (2007) 985–1014.

Holl RW, Hartman ML, Veldhuis JD, Taylor WM, Thorner MO. Thirty-second sampling of plasma

growth hormone in man: correlation with sleep stages. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and

Metabolism. 1991; 72:854–861.

J. Behrends, K. Prank, E. Dogu, G. Brabant, Central nervous system control of thyrotropin secretion during sleep and wakefulness, Horm. Res. 49 (1998) 173–177.

J. Sturis, K.S. Polonsky, E.T. Shapiro, J.D. Blackman, N.M. O'Meara, E. Van Cauter, Abnormalities in the ultradian oscillations of insulin secretion and glucose levels in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, Diabetologia 35 (7) (1992) 681–689.

J.A. Romijn, R. Adriaanse, G. Brabant, K. Prank, E. Endert, W.M. Wiersinga, Pulsatile secretion of thyrotropin during fasting: a decrease of thyrotropin pulse amplitude, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70 (1990) 1631–1636 Romijn JA 82.

K. Spiegel, R. Leproult, E. Van Cauter, Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function, Lancet 354 (1999) 1435–1439.

L. Méjean, A. Bicakova-Rocher, M. Kolopp, C. Villaume, F. Levi, G. Debry, A. Reinberg, P. Drouin, Circadian and ultradian rhythm in blood glucose and plasma insulin of healthy adults, Chronobiol. Int. 5 (3) (1988) 227–236.

Lagoguey, A. Reinberg, Circadian and circunnual changes of pituitary and other hormones in healthy human males: their relationship with gonadal activity, in: E. Van Cauter, G. Copinschi (Eds.), Human Pituitary Hormones, Circadian and Episodic Variations, Martinus, Nijhoff Publ, The Hague, 1981, pp. 261–278.

Luboshitzky R, Aviv A, Hefetz A, Herer P, Shen-Orr Z, et al. Decreased pituitary-gonadal secretion in men with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 3394–8.

Luboshitzky R, Zabari Z, Shen-Orr Z, Herer P, Lavie P. Disruption of the nocturnal testosterone rhythm by sleep fragmentation in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 1134–9.

M.H. Samuels, K. Lillehei, B.K. Kleinschmidt-Demasters, J. Stears, E.C. Ridgway, Patterns of pulsatile pituitary glycoprotein secretion in central hypothyroidism and hypogonadism, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70 (2) (1990) 391–395.

Marques N, Menna-Barreto L. Cronobiologia: Princípios e aplicações. Edusp, 1999.

Molina PE. Fisiologia Endócrina. 2 Edição, Ed. Mc GRaw Hill, 2007.

Morris CJ, Aeschbach D, Scheer FAJL. Circadian system, sleep and endocrinology. Mol Cell Endocrinol [Internet]. 2012;349(1):91–104. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.003

N. Berman, H.F. Chou, A. Berman, E. Ipp, A mathematical model of oscillatory insulin secretion, Am. J. Physiol. 264 (1993) R839–R851.

N.M. O'Meara, J. Sturis, E. Van Cauter, K.S. Polonsky, Lack of control by glucose of ultradian insulin secretory oscillations in impaired glucose tolerance and in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, J. Clin. Invest. 92 (1) (1993) 262–271.

Obal F, Krueger JM. GHRH and sleep. Sleep Med Rev. 2004;8(5):367–77.

Penev PD. Association between sleep and morning testosterone levels in older men. Sleep 2007; 30: 427–32.

Steiger A. Sleep and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system. Sleep Med Rev. 2002;6(2):125–38.

T.P. Segerson, J. Kauer, H.C. Wolfe, H. Mobtaker, P. Wu, I.M. Jackson, R.M. Lechan, Thyroid hormone regulates TRH biosynthesis in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus, Science 238 (4823) (1987) 78–80.

Tsang AH, Barclay JL, Oster H. Interactions between endocrine and circadian systems. J Mol Endocrinol. 2014;52(1):R1–16.

Tsang AH, Barclay JL, Oster H. Interactions between endocrine and circadian systems. Journal of Molecular

Endocrinology. (2014) 52, R1–R16

Urban, R.J., Evans, W.S., Rogol, A.D. et al. (1988) Contemporary aspects of discrete peak-detection algorithms. I. The paradigm of the luteinizing hormone pulse signal in men. Endocr. Rev., 9, 3–37.

V. Merl, A. Peters, K.M. Oltmanns, W. Kern, C. Hubold, M. Hallschmid, J. Born, H.L. Fehm, B. Schultes, Preserved circadian rhythm of serum insulin concentration at low plasma glucose during fasting in lean and overweight humans, Metabolism 53 (11) (2004) 1449–1453.

Van Cauter E, Latta F, Nedeltcheva A, Spiegel K, Leproult R, Vandenbril C, et al. Reciprocal interactions between the GH axis and sleep. Growth Horm IGF Res [Internet]. 2004;14:10–7. Available from:

Veldhuis JD, Bowers CY. Human GH pulsatility: An ensemble property regulated by age and gender. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26(9):799–813.

Veldhuis, J.D. (ed.), Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. W.B.

Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 93.

Wittert G. The relationship between sleep disorders and testosterone in men. Asian Journal of Andrology (2014) 262–265.

Published

2020-08-03

How to Cite

Pinto, W. de J., Muricy, V. C., & Treto, R. R. R. (2020). Ritmos biológicos no sistema endócrino / Biological rhythms in the endocrine system. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(7), 53677–53696. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n7-857

Issue

Section

Original Papers