Cellular Changes in Buccal Mucosa from Farmers Exposed to Glyphosate / Alterações Celulares na Mucosa Bucal de Agricultores Expostos ao Glifosato

Authors

  • Carine Kupske Brazilian Journals Publicações de Periódicos, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná
  • Suzymeire Baroni
  • Lauren Lúcia Zamin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n11-242

Keywords:

Herbicide, Sociodemographical, Micronuclei, Mucosa.

Abstract

This study evaluated the sociodemographic characteristics and behavior of the oral mucosa epithelium exposured to the herbicide glyphosate of family farmers in Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil. 120 individuals were selected for social data collection through interviews. According to the results, most of the interviewees uses glyphosate between 5-10 years, being exposed between 30 minutes to one hour each application and applying the herbicide 1-2 times a year. After the interview, we selected the subjects to the  Micronucleus (MN) test. For this test, oral smears were performed in three distinct regions (cheek, mouth floor and tongue edges) of 10 test subjects (exposed to glyphosate, non-smoker and non-alcoholic) and 10 control subjects. Results showed that glyphosate exposure increased the frequency of MN in the test group (p = 0.0002), as well as the frequency of other cellular alterations, such as brokenegg (p = 0.001), binucleation (p = 0.0001) and karyolysis (p = 0.0004). Based on these findings, the extent use of glyphosate may be causing damage to the oral mucosa epithelium and this might respond adaptively through cellular modifications.

References

Abreu, P. H. B., and H. G. A. Alonzo. 2016. O agricultor familiar e o uso (in)seguro de agrotóxicos no município de Lavras/MG. Family farmer and (un)safe use of pesticides in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Saúde Ocup. 41:e18.

Albertini, R. J., D. Anderson, G. R. Douglas, L. Hagmar, K. Hemminki, F. Merlo, A. T. Natarajan, H. Norppa, D. E. Shuker, R. Tice, et al. 2000. IPCS guidelines for the monitoring of genotoxic effects of carcinogens in humans. Mutat. Res. 463: 111-72.

Araújo, A. J., J. S. de Lima, J. C. Moreira, S. C. Jacob, M. O. Soares, M. C. M. Monteiro, A. M. do Amaral, A. Kubota, A. Meyer, C. A. N. Cosenza, and et al. 2007. Exposição múltipla a agrotóxicos e efeitos à saúde: estudo transversal em amostra de 102 trabalhadores rurais, Nova Friburgo, RJ [Multiple exposure to pesticides and impacts on health:a cross-section study of 102 rural workers, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil]. Ciênc. Saúde Coletiva. 12:115-30.

Benedetti, D., E. Nunes, M. Sarmento, C. Porto, C. E. I. dos Santos, J. F. Dias, and J. da Silva. 2013. Genetic damage in soybean workers exposed to pesticides: evaluation with the comet and buccal micronucleus cytome assays. Mutat. Res. 752:28-33.

Bertram, J.S. 2001. The molecular biology of cancer. Mol. Aspects Med. 21:167-223.

Bloching, M., A. Hofmann, C. Lautenschläger, A. Berghaus, and T. Grummt. 2000. Exfoliative cytology of normal buccal mucosa to predict the relative risk of cancer in the upper aero digestive tract using the MN-assay. Oral Onc. 36: 550-55.

Bombail, V., D. Aw, E. Gordon, and J. Batty. 2001. Application of the comet and micronucleus assays to butterfish (Pholis gunnellus) erythrocytes from the Firth of Forth, Scotland. Chemosphere. 44:383-92.

Cabral, E. R. M. 2012. Exposição aos agrotóxicos: implicações na saúde de trabalhadores agrícolas de uma região de Campinas – SP [Pesticide exposure: health implications of agricultural workers in a region of Campinas - SP]. Dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas.

Carvalho, G. 1995. Citologia oncológica. [Oncologic citology] 1st ed. São Paulo: Atheneu.

Carvalho, G. 2002. Citologia oral. [Oral Citology]. 1st ed. Rio de Janeiro: Thieme Revinter.

Chang, E.T., and E. Delzell. 2016. Systematic review and meta-analysis of glyphosate exposure and risk of lymphohematopoietic cancers. J. Environ. Sci. Health. 51(6):402–34.

Chaves, T. V. S. 2011. Estudo das alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e genotóxicas induzidas por agrotóxicos em agricultores do estado do Piauí. [Study of possible genetic changes induced by pesticides in farmers in the state of Piauí]. Thesis. Universidade Federal do Ceará.

Ceppi, M., B. Biasotti, M. Fenech, and S. Bonassi. 2010. Human populacion studies with the exfoliated buccal micronucleus assay: statistical and epidemiological issues. Mutat. Res. 705(1):11-9.

Cerqueira, G. S., V. R. Arruda, A. P. F. de Freitas, T. L. de Oliviera, T. C. Vasconcelos, and S. R. Mariz, 2010. Dados da exposição ocupacional aos agrotóxicos em um grupo assistido por uma unidade básica de saúde na cidade de Cajazeiras, PB [Data of occupational exposure to pesticide in a group aided by a basic unit of health of the city of Cajazeiras, PB]. Revinter. 3:16-28.

Coutinho, C. F. B., and L. H. Mazo. 2005. Complexos metálicos com o herbicida glifosato: revisão. [Metallic complexes with glyphosate: a review]. Quím. Nova. 28:1038-45.

Dutra, G. P. 2002. Avaliação Genotóxica dos Agrotóxicos em Trabalhadores Rurais da Região de Ijuí e São Luis Gonzaga, RS, Utilizando o Teste de Micronúcleos. [Genotoxic Evaluation of Pesticides in Rural Workers in the Region of Ijuí and São Luis Gonzaga, RS, Using the Micronucleus Test]. Monography. Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

Ergene, S., A. Celik, T. Cavaş, and F. Kaya. 2007. Genotoxic biomonitoring study of population residing in pesticide contaminated regions in Goksu Delta: Micronucleus, chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges. Environ. Int. 33:877-85.

Fenech, M. 20007. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Nat. Protoc. 2: 1084-104.

Fenech, M., M. Kirsch-Volders, A. T. Natarajan, J. Surralles, J. W. Crott, J. Parry, H. Norppa, D. A. Eastmond, J. D. Tucker, and P. Thomas. 2011. Molecular mechanisms of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud formation in mammalian and human cells. Mutag. 26:125-32.

Ferreira, H. S. 1993. Pesticidas no Brasil: impacto ambiental e possíveis conseqüências de sua interação com a desnutrição humana. [Pesticides in Brazil: environmental impact and possible consequences of their interaction with human malnutrition]. Rev. Bras. Saúde Ocup. 80:51-60.

Frison, R., S. M. D. Macedo, and J. M. Boeira. 2005. Avaliação genotóxica em células da mucosa bucal de trabalhadores expostos a agrotóxicos, em uma comunidade de Erechim, RS. [Genotoxic avaliation in buccal mucose cells of farm workers exposed to agrotoxics in Erechim, RS]. Perspectiva. 29:127-135.

Ghisi, N. C, E. C. Oliveira, and A. J. Prioli. 2016. Does exposate to glyphosate lead to as increase in the micronuclei frequency? A systematic and meta analytic review. Chemosphere. 145:42-54.

Gómez-Arroyo, S., Y. Díaz-Sánchez, M. A. Meneses-Pérez, R. Villalobos-Pietrini, and J. De León-Rodríguez. 2000. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in a Mexican floriculture worker group exposed to pesticides. Mutat. Res. 466:117-24.

Grisolia, C. K. Agrotóxicos: mutações, câncer e reprodução. [Pesticides: mutations, cancer and reproduction]. 2005. 1st ed. Brasília: Unb.

Guilherme, S., I. Gaivão, M. A. Santos, and M. Pacheco. 2010. European eel (Anguilla anguilla) genotoxic and pro-oxidant responses following short-term exposure to Roundup - a glyphosate-based herbicide. Mutag. 25:523-30.

Guyton K. Z., K. Z., D. Loomis, Y. Grosse, F. E. Ghissassi, L. Benbrahim-Tallaa, N. Guha, C. Scoccianti, H. Mattock, and K. Straif, 2015. Carcinogenicity of Tetrachlorvinphos, Parathion, Malathion, Diazinon, and Glyphosate. Lancet Oncol. 16:490-1.

Hardell, L., and M. Eriksson, M. 1999. A case–control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and exposure to pesticides. Cancer. 85:1353-60.

Holland, N., C. Bolognesi, M. Kirsch-Volders, S. Bonassi, E. Zeiger, S. Knasmueller, and M. Fenech. 2008. The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN Project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps. Mutat. Res. 659:93-108.

James, C. 2011. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops. International service for the acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA). Ithaca, NY. Acessed 11 10, 2017. http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/43/download/isaaa-brief-43-2011.pdf.

Jobim, P. F. C., L. N. Nunes, R. Giugliani, and I.B.M. da Cruz. 2010. Existe uma associação entre mortalidade por câncer e uso de agrotóxicos? Uma contribuição ao debate. [Is there an association between cancer mortality and agrotoxics use? A contribution to the debate]. Ciênc. Saúde Coletiva. 15:277-88.

Kikuchi, I. S., and T. J. A. Pinto. 2006. Implicações clínicas de drogas antineoplásicas mutagênicas. [Clinical implications of mutagenic antineoplastic drugs]. Rev. Bras. Med. 63:201-05.

Kumar, A. K. Abbas, J. C. Aster. Robbins. Patologia humana. [Robbins. Human Patology]. 2018. 10th ed. Barcelona: Elsevier.

López, S. L., D. Aiassa, S. Benítez-Leite, R. Lajmanovich, F. Mañas, G. Poletta, N. Sánchez, M. F. Simoniello, and A. E.Carrasco. 2012. Pesticides Used in South American GMO-Based Agriculture: A Review of Their Effects on Humans and Animal Models. Advances in Molecular Toxicology. 6:41-75.

Mañas, F., L. Peralta, J. Raviolo, H. G. Ovando, A. Weyers, L. Ugnia, M. G. Cid, I. Larripa, and N. Gorla. 2009. Genotoxicity of glyphosate assessed by the comet assay and cytogenetic tests. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28:37-41.

Mazzoleni, E. M., and J. M. Nogueira. 2006. Agricultura orgânica: características básicas do seu produtor. [Organic agriculture: basic characteristics of the producers]. Rev. Econ. Sociol. Rural. 44:263-93.

Mesnage, R., A. Phedonos, M. Biserni, M. Arno, S. Balu, J. C. Corton, R. Ugarte, and M. N. Antoniou. 2017. Evaluation of estrogen receptor alpha activation by glyphosate-based herbicide constituents. Food Chem. Toxicol. 108:30-42.

Oliveira-Silva, J. J., S. R. Alves, A. Meyer, F. Perez, P. N. Sarcinelli, R. C. O. C. Mattos, and J. C. Moreira. 2001. Influência de fatores socioeconômicos na contaminação por agrotóxicos, Brasil. [Influence of social-economic factors on thepesticine poisoning, Brazil]. Rev. Saúde Pública, 35:130-35.

Pacheco, A.O., and C. Hackel. 2002. Instabilidade cromossômica induzida por agroquímicos em trabalhadores rurais na região de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. [Chromosome instability induced by agrochemicalsamong farm workers in Passo Fundo, Rio Grandedo Sul, Brazil]. Cad. Saúde Púb. 18:1675-83.

Ristow, L. P. 2017. Exposição ocupacional de trabalhadores rurais a agrotóxicos e relação com políticas públicas. [Occupational exposure of rural workers to pesticides and their relationship with public policitics]. Dissertation. Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul.

Sailaja, M., M. Chandrasekhar, P. V. Rekhadevi, M. Mahboob, M. F. Rahman, S. B. Vuyyuri, K. Danadevi, S. A. Hussain, and P. Grover . 2006. Genotoxic evaluation of workers employed in pesticide production. Mutat. Res. 609:74-80.

Samsel, A., and S. Seneff. 2015. Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases IV: cancer and related pathologies. J. Biol. Phys. Chem. 15:121–59.

Sánchez, J.A.A., A. S. Varela Junior, C. D. Corcini, J. C. da Silva, E. G. Primel, S. Caldas, R. D. Klein, and C. M. G. Martins. 2017. Effects of Roundup formulations on biochemical biomarkers and male sperm quality of the liverbearing Jenynsia multidentata. Chemosp. 177:200-10.

Stich, H.F. 1987. Micronucleated exfoliated cells as indicators for genotoxic damage and as markers in chemoprevention trials. J. Nutr. Growth Cancer. 4:9-18.

Stich, H.F., M. P. Rosin, and M. O. Vallejera. 1984. Reduction with vitamin A and beta-carotene administration of proportion of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells in Asian betal nut and tobacco chewers. Lancet. 1:1204-06

.

Suhas, S., K. S. Ganapathy, M. Gayatri Devi, and C. Ramesh. 2004. Application of the micronucleus test to exfoliated epithelial cells from the oral cavity of beedi smokers, a high-risk group for oral cancer. Mutat. Res. 561:15-21.

Thongprakaisang, S., A. Thiantanawat, N. Rangkadilok, T. Suriyo, and J. Satayavivad. 2013. Glyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors. Food Chem. Toxicol. 59:129–36.

Tolbert, P. E., C. M. Shy, and J. W. Allen. 1992. Micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in buccal smears: methods development. Mutat. Res. 271:69-77.

Williams, G. M., R. Kroes, I. C. Munro. 2000. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of the herbicide roundup and its active ingredient, glyphosate, for humans. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 31:117-65, 2000.

Zimmermann, C. L. 2009. Monocultura e transgenia: impactos ambientais e insegurança alimentar. [Monoculture and transgenes: environmental impacts and food insecurity]. Veredas do Direito, 6:79-100.

Downloads

Published

2021-11-16

How to Cite

Kupske, C., Baroni, S., & Zamin, L. L. (2021). Cellular Changes in Buccal Mucosa from Farmers Exposed to Glyphosate / Alterações Celulares na Mucosa Bucal de Agricultores Expostos ao Glifosato. Brazilian Journal of Development, 7(11), 105242–105257. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n11-242

Issue

Section

Original Papers